References for Essay on Statins and Muscle Damage

[1] A Arduini, L. Eddy, and P. Hochstein, "Detection of ferryl myoglobin in the isolated ischemic rat heart," Free-Radic-Biol-Med. (1990) Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 511-3.

[2] M. Baciu, S.C. Sebai, O. Ces, X. Mulet, J.A. Clarke, G.C. Shearman, and R.V. Law, Templer RH, Plisson C, Parker CA, Gee A. "Degradative transport of cationic amphiphilic drugs across phospholipid bilayers." Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci. (2006) Oct 15, Vol. 364(1847), pp. 2597-614.

[3] M.W. Bolt,J. W. Card, W.J. Racz, J.F. Brien and T.E. Massey, "Disruption of Mitochondrial Function and Cellular ATP Levels by Amiodarone and N-Desethylamiodarone in Initiation of Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Cytotoxicity," JPET (2001) September 1, Vol. 298, No. 3, pp. 1280-1289.

[4] S.L. Bonting, P.J. van Breugel, F.J. Daemen, "Influence of the lipid environment of the properties of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane," Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (1977) Vol. 83, pp. 175-89.

[5] P. Brancaccio, N. Maffulli, and F.M. Limongelli, "Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine" British Medical Bulletin (2007) Vol. 81-82. No. 1, pp. 209-230; doi:10.1093/bmb/ldm014

[6] E. Bruckert, G. Hayem, S. Dejager, et al. "Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients -- the PRIMO study." Cardiovasc Drugs Ther (2005) Vol. 19, pp. 403-14.

[7] J. Cable, "Adverse Events of Statins -- An Informal Internet-based Study," JOIMR (2009, December, Vol. 7, No. 1; http://www.joimr.org/JOIMR_Vol7_No1_Dec2009.pdf.

[8] L.P. Cahalin, PT, PhD, et al., CHEST 2009: American College of Chest Physicians Annual Meeting, Poster 592. Presented November 4, 2009.

[9] J.C. Chatham, "Lactate - the forgotten fuel!" J Physiol. (2002) July 15; 542(Pt 2), p. 333. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.020974.

[10] E. Colman, A. Szarfman, J. Wyeth, et al., "An evaluation of a data mining signal for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and statins detected in FDA"s spontaneous adverse event reporting system," Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf (2008) Vol. 17, pp. 1060-76.

[11] B.E. Corkey, J.T. Deeney, G.C. Yaney, K. Tornheim, and M. Prentki, "The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters in Beta-Cell Signal Transduction," American Society for Nutritional Sciences, (2000) pp. 299S-304S.

[12] S. Dublin, M.L. Jackson, J.C. Nelson, N.S. Weiss, E.B. Larson, and L.A. Jackson, "Statin use and risk of community acquired pneumonia in older people: population based case-control study," BMJ (2009) Vol. 338, p. b2137 ; doi:10.1136/bmj.b2137

[13] R.J. Edison and M. Muenke, "Central nervous system and limb anomalies in case reports of first-trimester statin exposure," N Engl J Med (2004) Vol. 350, pp. 1579-1582.

[14] J.L. Farber, "Mechanisms of cell injury by activated oxygen species." Environ Health Perspect. (1994) December; Vol. 102 (Suppl 10), pp. 17-24.

[15] A.B. Fernandez, R.H. Karas, A.A. Alsheikh-Ali, and P.D. Thompson, "Statins and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review of the literature and of food and drug administration adverse event reports." Chest, (2008) Oct, Vol. 134 No. 4, pp. 824-30. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

[16] K. Folkers, P. Langsjoen, R. Willis, P. Richardson,L.J. Xia,C.Q. Ye, and H. Tamagawa, "Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans," PNAS (1990) November 1, Vol. 87, No. 22, pp. 8931-8934.

[17] C. Gaugler, "Lipofuscin", Stanislaus Journal of Biochemical Reviews
May (1997).

[18] Ghirlanda G, Oradei A, Manto A, Lippa S, Uccioli L, Caputo S, Greco A, Littarru G (1993). "Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study". J Clin Pharmacol 33 (3): 226-9. PMID 8463436.

[19] M.R. Goldstein, L. Mascitelli, and F. Pezzetta, "Dyslipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis," Neurology (2008) Vol. 71, p. 956.

[20] T. H. Haines, "Do Sterols Reduce Proton and Sodium Leaks through Lipid Bilayers?" Progress in Lipid Research (2001) Vol.40, pp. 299-324.

[21] S. Jamil and P. Iqbal, "Rhabdomyolysis induced by a single dose of a statin." Heart (2004) Jan; Vol. 90 No. 1, p. e3.

[22] N. Kucerka, D. Marquardt, T.A. Harroun, M-P Nieh, S. R. Wassall, and J. Katsaras, "The Functional Significance of Lipid Diversity: Orientation of Cholesterol in Bilayers is Determined by Lipid Species," J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2009) Vol. 131, pp. 16358-16359.

[23] J.M. Land, J.A. Morgan-Hughes, and J.B.Clark, " Mitochondrial myopathy: biochemical studies revealing a deficiency of NADH-cytochrome b reductase activity." J. Neurol. Sci. 50: 1-13, 1981.

[24] S. Lantuejoul, E. Brambilla, C. Brambilla, and G. Devouassoux, "Statin-induced Fibrotic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia," Eur Respir J. (2002) Vol. 19, pp. 577-580.

[25] R.S. Lees and A.M. Lees, "Rhabdomyolysis from the Coadministration of Lovastatin and the Antifungal Agent Itraconazole," NEJM (1995) Vol. 333, pp. 664-665.

[26] S.R. Majumdar, F.A. McAlister, D.T. Eurich, R.S. Padwal, and T.J. Marrie, "Statins and outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia: population based prospective cohort study," BMJ (2006) Vol. 333, p. 999.

[27] M.G. Mohaupt, MD, R.H. Karas, MD PhD, E.B. Babiychuk, PhD, V. Sanchez-Freire, K. Monastyrskaya, PhD, L. Iyer, PhD, H. Hoppeler, MD, F. Breil and A. Draeger, MD "Association between statin-associated myopathy and skeletal muscle damage," CMAJ (2009) July 7 Vol. 181 No. 1-2 ; doi:10.1503/cmaj.081785.

[28] A. Mordente, S. A. Santini, G. A. D. Miggiano, G. E. Martorana, T. Petitti, G. Minotti, and B. Giardina, "The Interaction of Short Chain Coenzyme Q analogs with Different Redox States of Myoglobin," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, (1994) Vol. 269, Mo. 44, pp. 27394-27400.

[29] R.A. Oleka, J. Antosiewicza, J. Popinigisa, R. Gabbianellib, D. Fedelib and G. Falcionib, "Pyruvate but not lactate prevents NADH-induced myoglobin oxidation," Free Radical Biology and Medicine (2005) June; Vol. 38, Issue 11, pp. 1484-1490; doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.018.

[30] D. Papahadjopoulosa "Na⁺-K⁺ discrimination by “pure” phospholipid membranes," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) (1971) Vol. 241, Issue 1, 6 July 1971, pp. 254-259

[31] R.P. Patel, U. Diczfalusy, S. Dzeletovic, M.T. Wilson and V.M. Darley-Usmar, "Formation of oxysterols during oxidation of low density lipoprotein by peroxynitrite, myoglobin, and copper, "Journal of Lipid Research (1996) Vol. 37, pp. 2361-2371.

[32] S. Pitkanen, A. Feigenbaum,, R. Laframboise, and B.H. Robinson, "NADH-coenzyme Q reductase (complex I) deficiency: heterogeneity in phenotype and biochemical findings," J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. (1996) Vol. 19, pp. 675-686.

[33] E.Y. Plotnikov, A.A. Chupyrkina, I.B. Pevzner, N.K. Isaev, and D.B. Zorov, "Myoglobin causes oxidative stress, increase of NO production and dysfunction of kidney's mitochondria," Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (2009) Vol. 1792, Issue 8, August pp. 796-803; doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.06.005

[34] T. Pozefsky, R G Tancredi, R T Moxley, J Dupre, and J D Tobin "Effects of brief starvation on muscle amino acid metabolism in nonobese man." J Clin Invest. (1976) February, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 444-449. doi: 10.1172/JCI108295.

[35] S.I. Rao, A. Wilks, M. Hamberg, and P.R. Ortiz de Montellano, "The Lipoxygenase Activity of Myoglobin," The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1994) Vol. 269, No. 10, pp. 7210-7216.

[36] M. Rizzo, G.A. Spinas, G.B. Rinia and K. Berneis, "Is diabetes the cost to pay for a greater cardiovascular prevention?" International Journal of Cardiology (2009), article in press; doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.03.001

[37] A. Shahapurkar, S. M. Tarvade, N. M. Dedhia, S. Bichu, "Exertional Myoglobinuria Leading to Acute Renal Failure: A Case Report" Indian Journal of Nephrology (2004) Vol. 14, pp. 198-199.

[38] Y. Shimomura, M. Suzuki, S. Sugiyama, Y. Hanaki, and T. Ozawa, "Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on exercise-induced muscular injury." Biochem Biophys Res Commun. (1991) Apr 15;176(1):349-55.

[39] J.P. Silva, M. Kohler, C. Graff, A. Oldfors, M.A. Magnuson, P.O. Berggren, and N.G. Larsson, "Impaired insulin secretion and beta-cell loss in tissue-specific knockout mice with mitochondrial diabetes" Nat Genet. (2000) Nov; Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 336-40.

[40] H. Sinzinger, R. Wolfram, and B.A. Peskar, "Muscular side effects of statins," J Cardiovasc Pharmacol (2002) Vol. 40, pp. 163-71.

[41] R. Sukhija, MD, S.Prayaga, MD, M. Marashdeh, MD, Z. Bursac, PhD, MPH, P. Kakar, MD, D. Bansal MD, R. Sachdeva, MD, S.H. Kesan, MD, and J.L. Mehta, MD, PhD, "Effect of Statins on Fasting Plasma Glucose in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients" Journal of Investigative Medicine (2009) March; Vol. 57, Issue 3, pp. 495-499; doi: 10.231/JIM.0b013e318197ec8b

[42] A. Termana and U.T. Brunk "The Aging Myocardium: Roles of Mitochondrial Damage and Lysosomal Degradation," Heart, Lung and Circulation (2005) June, Vol. 14, Issue 2, pp. 107-114; doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2004.12.023

[43] G. Wainwright, L. Mascitelli, and M.R. Goldstein, "Cholesterol-lowering Therapy and Cell Membranes. Stable Plaque at the Expense of Unstable Membranes?" Arch. Med. Sci. (2009) Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 289-295.

[44] T. Walker, J. McCaffery and C. Steinfort, "Potential link between HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) use and interstitial lung disease," MJA (2007) Vol. 186, No. 2, pp. 91-94.

[45] P.L. Yeagle, The Biology of Cholesterol (1988) 242 pp. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

[46] F. Xia, L. Xie, A. Mihic, X. Gao, Y. Chen, H.Y. Gaisano and R.G. Tsushima, "Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Impairs Insulin Secretion and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Function in Pancreatic Beta-Cells," Endocrinology (2008) Vol. 149, No. 10, pp. 5136-5145.

[47] R.A. Zager and K.M. Burkhart, "Differential effects of glutathione and cysteine on Fe2+, Fe3+, H2O2 and myoglobin-induced proximal tubular cell attack," Kidney Inernational (1998) Vol. 53, No 6, pp. 1661-1672. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00919.x